A graph $G=(V , E)$ consists of $V$, a nonempty set of _vertices_ (or _nodes_ ) and $E$, a set of edges . Each edge has either one or two vertices associated with it, called its endpoints . An edge is said to connect its endpoints.
独立集(Independent Set)
图 $G$ 的顶点子集 $V'(V'\subset V(G))$ 中任意两个顶点在图 $G$ 中都不相邻,则称 $V'$ 为图 $G$ 的独立集。
A directed graph (or digraph ) $(V , E)$ consists of a nonempty set of vertices $V$ and a set of _directed edges_ (or _arcs_ ) $E$. Each directed edge is associated with an ordered pair of vertices. The directed edge associated with the ordered pair $(u,v)$ is said to _start_ at $u$ and _end_ at $v$.
If $G$ is a simple graph with $n$ vertices with $n≥3$ such that $deg(u)+deg(v)≥n$ for every pair of nonadjacent vertices $u$ and $v$ in $G$, then $G$ has a Hamilton circuit.
迹 Trail
边互不相同的途径
路 Path
顶点互不相同的途径
设图 $G=(V(G),E(G))$,对任意非空 $S\subset V(G)$,令 $\bar S=V(G)\backslash S$,记
$$[S,\bar S]_G=\{e=uv\in E(G)\;|\;u\in S,v\in\bar S\}$$
为 边割 或 割集 (cut, edge cut)(也可以简记为$[S,\bar S]$)。